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| Description | Polymyxin B1 (CAS: 4135-11-9) is the principal active monomer of polymyxin B, produced by Paenibacillus polymyxa, molecular formula C56H98N16O13, MW 1203.48 Da. It consists of an N-terminal (S)-6-methyloctanoyl fatty acid linked to a linear tripeptide tail (L-Dab-L-Thr-L-Dab) and a heptapeptide ring containing six 2,4-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) residues and the key D-Phe at position 6 (distinguishing polymyxin B from colistin's D-Leu). Polymyxin B1 uses its positively charged Dab side chains to bind the lipid A of Gram-negative outer-membrane LPS, displace divalent cations, disrupt outer-membrane permeability, and insert into the inner membrane to kill bacteria; it is a last-line IV antibiotic against MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. B1 and B2 differ only in the fatty acyl chain (6-methyloctanoyl vs 6-methylheptanoyl). |
| Structure type | Cyclic lipopeptide (N-terminal (S)-6-methyloctanoyl heptapeptide-ring antibiotic; 6 Dab + D-Phe6) |
| Solubility | Readily soluble in water, saline |
| Storage | Powder -20C, dry, protected from light |
Product Basic Information Table
| Product Standard English Name | Product Abbreviation / Alias | Function Tags (comma-separated) | Core Structure | Molecular Formula | Exact Mass (Da) | Average MW (Da) | Salt Form | Length (aa) |
| Polymyxin B1 (polymyxin B cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, CAS 4135-11-9) | Polymyxin B1; PMB1; 6-methyloctanoyl-Dab-Thr-Dab-[cyclo(Dab-D-Phe-Leu-Dab-Dab-Dab-Thr)]; lipopeptide; cationic cyclic lipopeptide; contains Dab (alpha,gamma-diaminobutyric acid); CAS 4135-11-9; free base | cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic, polymyxin B, anti-Gram-negative, LPS/outer-membrane binding, pentacationic peptide, non-standard Dab residues, 6-methyloctanoyl fatty acid, compare colistin, nephrotoxicity, light-sensitive | A cationic cyclic lipopeptide produced by Paenibacillus (Bacillus) polymyxa. The N-terminus carries a 6-methyloctanoic acid fatty-acid chain linked via an amide bond to a linear tripeptide Dab-Thr-Dab (Dab = alpha,gamma-diaminobutyric acid, a non-standard amino acid), followed by a cyclic heptapeptide Dab-D-Phe-Leu-Dab-Dab-Dab-Thr; one Dab's gamma-side-chain amine forms a lactam (amide) bond with the C-terminal Thr carboxyl to close the ring. The molecule contains six Dab residues: the N-terminal Dab alpha-amine is acylated by the fatty acid (neutral), the ring-closing Dab gamma-amine is engaged in the lactam (neutral), and the remaining five gamma-amines are free and protonated; there are no acidic residues, so net charge is +5 (pentacationic). The formula follows the official supplier value C56H98N16O13 (contains one D-Phe) and cannot be computed from the standard 20-amino-acid table. B1 vs B2 differ in the fatty acid: B1 has 6-methyloctanoyl (longer C8 branch) while B2 has 6-methylheptanoyl, so B1 is one CH2 heavier than B2 | C56H98N16O13 | 1202.75 | 1203.50 | Free base (CAS 4135-11-9). Formula C56H98N16O13, exact mass 1202.75 Da, average MW ~1203.48-1203.50 Da (consistent with NCATS GSRS, InvivoChem, Alfa Chemistry, Daicel and Santa Cruz; do NOT use the older C55H96N16O13/1202.4, since B1 bears the 6-methyloctanoyl chain). The clinical formulation is usually the sulfate (Polymyxin B sulfate, C56H98N16O13·xH2SO4); this catalog product is the free-base B1 monomer | 10 |
Physicochemical Solubility & Storage Parameters
| Product Code | Appearance | Long-term Storage | Short-term Storage | Solution Stability | Solid Powder Stability |
| PEP-PMXB1-01 | White to off-white odourless solid powder | -20°C, desiccated, sealed and light-protected; the lipopeptide is hygroscopic and oxidation-prone, so flush with argon/nitrogen, protect from light, and avoid repeated freeze-thaw and heat; the sulfate hydrate is even more hygroscopic | 2-8°C, desiccated and light-protected, stable for 1-2 weeks | Strongly cationic cyclic lipopeptide (net +5) with good aqueous solubility; dissolve directly in sterile water or saline; the fatty-acid tail imparts some hydrophobicity/self-association, so prepare fresh and avoid vigorous vortexing; free side-chain amines and the hydrophobic tail argue against oxidizing/light conditions - aliquot at -20°C under argon; it binds Gram-negative outer-membrane/LPS strongly, so beware of non-specific adsorption to labware | The cyclic lipopeptide structure is relatively stable in the solid, but it is hygroscopic; long-term storage requires dry, -20°C, argon-flushed, light-protected sealing; keep the weighing environment dry and work quickly |
Functional Description
| Product Code | Frontend Short Summary | Detailed Biological Function Description | Applicable Research Areas (comma-separated) | Targets / Pathways |
| PEP-PMXB1-01 | The cationic cyclic lipopeptide Polymyxin B1 from Paenibacillus polymyxa (CAS 4135-11-9): a 6-methyloctanoyl fatty-acid chain + linear Dab-Thr-Dab + a lactam-closed cyclic heptapeptide, with six non-standard Dab residues, net charge +5; formula C56H98N16O13, MW ~1203.5, free base; binds Gram-negative LPS/outer membrane and is a last-resort drug against multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives (Pseudomonas/Acinetobacter), with nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity | Polymyxin B is a clinical mixture of cyclic-lipopeptide antibiotics produced by Paenibacillus (Bacillus) polymyxa (mainly components B1 and B2); Polymyxin B1 is one of the principal active components. It consists of an N-terminal hydrophobic 6-methyloctanoyl fatty-acid chain, a short linear tripeptide (Dab-Thr-Dab) and a lactam-closed cyclic heptapeptide (Dab-D-Phe-Leu-Dab-Dab-Dab-Thr); its six alpha,gamma-diaminobutyric acid (Dab) residues provide five free cationic side-chain amines (pentacationic). Mechanism: the cationic Dab side chains bind tightly to the phosphate groups of lipid A in the Gram-negative outer-membrane lipopolysaccharide (LPS), displacing stabilizing divalent cations (Ca2+/Mg2+) and disrupting outer-membrane permeability ('self-promoted uptake'); the hydrophobic fatty-acid tail then inserts into the inner membrane, leaking cytoplasmic contents and killing the cell. Because it retains potent activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives (carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales/CRE, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii), polymyxins are used as a last-resort therapy; their strong LPS binding is also exploited for endotoxin neutralization/clearance and experimental research. Clinical use is limited by dose-dependent nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity. This product is the pure Polymyxin B1 free-base monomer, suitable for studies of Gram-negative resistance mechanisms, LPS/outer-membrane interactions, endotoxemia, membrane lipopeptide SAR, and next-generation (less nephrotoxic) polymyxin design. | cyclic lipopeptide antibiotics, multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives (CRE/Pseudomonas/Acinetobacter), LPS/lipid A binding, endotoxin neutralization/endotoxemia, membrane-active cationic peptides, polymyxin medicinal chemistry, nephrotoxicity/neurotoxicity | Gram-negative outer-membrane LPS (lipid A), bacterial inner membrane, endotoxin LPS |
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