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| Product Name | Antennapedia Peptide |
| Description | Antennapedia Peptide, also known as Penetratin, is one of the earliest discovered and most extensively studied cell-penetrating peptides, with sequence RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK (16 amino acids), derived from residues 43–58 of the homeodomain of the Drosophila homeotic transcription factor Antennapedia. Its membrane-translocating activity was first identified by Derossi et al. in 1994, making it the second cell-penetrating peptide discovered after HIV TAT peptide. Rich in basic amino acids (4 arginines, 3 lysines) with an isoelectric point of approximately 10.8 and strong overall positive charge, while also containing hydrophobic residues such as tryptophan and phenylalanine, it adopts a partial α-helical conformation. Its penetration mechanism primarily involves electrostatic interaction with negatively charged glycosaminoglycans (such as heparan sulfate) on the cell membrane surface, followed by endocytic pathways or direct transmembrane translocation into cells. Penetratin efficiently delivers various cargoes including proteins, peptides, nucleic acids (siRNA, pDNA), nanoparticles, and small molecule drugs into living cells with low cytotoxicity. It has been widely used in gene therapy, drug delivery, cell imaging, and signaling pathway research. |
| Peptide Purity (HPLC, %) | ≥98% |
| Molecular formula | C₁₀₄H₁₆₈N₃₄O₂₀S |
| Molecular weight (Da) | 2246.73 |
Product Basic Information Table
| Product Standard English Name | Product Abbreviation / Alias | Function Tags (comma-separated) | Core Structure | Molecular Formula | Exact Mass (Da) | Average MW (Da) | Salt Form | Length (aa) |
| Antennapedia Peptide | Antennapedia peptide; Antp cell-penetrating peptide; homeodomain peptide | Cell-penetrating peptide, biomacromolecule delivery, gene transfection, intracellular protein delivery, drug delivery | Linear cationic 16-mer peptide derived from Drosophila melanogaster antennapedia homeodomain, rich in basic amino acids; penetrates membranes via electrostatic interaction with phospholipids in an endocytosis-independent manner, delivering nucleic acids, proteins and nanoparticles into cells and nuclei | C₈₈H₁₃₆N₂₆O₁₉ | 1942.05 | ~1943.3 | Acetate / TFA | 16 |
Physicochemical Solubility & Storage Parameters
| Product Code | Appearance | Long-term Storage | Short-term Storage | Solution Stability | Solid Powder Stability |
| PEP-ANT001 | White powder | Store at -20°C, sealed, dry and protected from light. Aliquot for storage. | Stable for 1 month at 2–8°C in sealed dry condition; stable for shipping at ambient temperature. | Stable for 7 days at 4°C. Acetate salt is freely soluble in water, dilute acetic acid and PBS. Good stability under acidic to neutral conditions; prone to degradation in strong alkaline environment. | Stable for 2 years at -20°C, dry and protected from light. |
Functional Description
| Product Code | Frontend Short Summary (for search list display) | Detailed Biological Function Description | Applicable Research Areas (comma-separated) | Targets / Pathways |
| PEP-ANT001 | Antennapedia peptide, classic CPP, mediates intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules | Antennapedia peptide is a classic non-viral cell-penetrating peptide derived from the Drosophila antennapedia homeodomain. Rich in basic amino acids, it directly penetrates cell membranes in an energy- and endocytosis-independent manner and mediates nuclear localization. It efficiently delivers plasmid DNA, siRNA, proteins, peptide drugs and nanoparticles into cells, serving as a fundamental tool in cell biology, gene transfection and intracellular drug delivery research. | Cell biology research, gene transfection & delivery, intracellular protein import, drug delivery system research, CPP technology | Phospholipid bilayer; nuclear localization signal (NLS) pathway; transmembrane translocation pathway |
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