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| Description | G-Pen-GRGDSPCA (CAS: 126716-28-7) is a conformationally constrained variant of the fibronectin RGD sequence, sequence Gly-Pen-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ala, where penicillamine (Pen) at position 2 and cysteine at position 9 form a disulfide bridge, molecular formula C35H57N13O14S2, MW 948.05 Da. The disulfide bridge constrains the RGD motif into an active conformation favorable for integrin binding, markedly increasing receptor affinity and proteolytic stability. It is used to study how RGD cyclization/conformation affects integrin binding and platelet-aggregation inhibition. |
| Structure type | Disulfide-bridged cyclic 10-mer (Pen2-Cys9 bridge, constrained RGD) |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO, water |
| Storage | Powder -20C, dry, protected from light |
Product Basic Information Table
| Product Standard English Name | Product Abbreviation / Alias | Function Tags (comma-separated) | Core Structure | Molecular Formula | Exact Mass (Da) | Average MW (Da) | Salt Form | Length (aa) |
| G-Pen-GRGDSPCA (cyclic RGD integrin antagonist peptide, Pen2-Cys9 disulfide bridge) | G-Pen-GRGDSPCA; Gly-Pen-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ala; cyclic RGD peptide; Pen2-Cys9 disulfide; αvβ3 integrin antagonist; CAS: 126716-28-7 | cell adhesion, fibronectin RGD motif, integrin ligand, αvβ3 antagonist, cyclic peptide, disulfide-constrained, vascular repair, anti-neointimal hyperplasia, anti-platelet | 10-aa cyclic RGD mimetic peptide, linear backbone Gly-Pen-Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro-Cys-Ala; intramolecular disulfide between Pen (penicillamine, β,β-dimethylcysteine, position 2) and Cys (position 9), locking the RGD pharmacophore into a turn-extended-turn conformation; the gem-dimethyl group of Pen further rigidifies the loop for enhanced αvβ3 affinity and selectivity; side-chain net charge 0 (Arg +1 / Asp −1; N-terminus +1 and C-terminus −1 cancel); hydrophobic residues ~20% (Pro, Ala); no other oxidation-prone residues (no Met/Trp); Pen thiol is engaged in the disulfide-no free thiol; supplied as powder, free acid form | C35H57N13O14S2 | 947.36 | 948.04 | Free acid, no counterion; linear reduced form C35H59N13O14S2 (exact 949.37 / avg 950.06 Da) loses 2H upon disulfide formation to give C35H57N13O14S2; CAS: 126716-28-7 | 10 |
Physicochemical Solubility & Storage Parameters
| Product Code | Appearance | Long-term Storage | Short-term Storage | Solution Stability | Solid Powder Stability |
| PEP-GPENGRGD-01 | White to off-white powder | Store at -20°C, sealed, desiccated, protected from light (~2 years). Aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw. Contains a disulfide ring-avoid reducing environments (DTT/β-ME) and strong oxidizing conditions. | 2–8°C for up to ~1 month; working aliquots at -20°C; stable for shipping at ambient. | Cyclic RGD peptide; moderate water solubility (aqueous buffers ~1–5 mg/mL, sonication helps); soluble in DMSO (~10–20 mg/mL). KEY: Contains a Pen2-Cys9 intramolecular disulfide-DO NOT use DTT, β-mercaptoethanol, or TCEP, as reduction opens the ring and abolishes the RGD conformation and integrin binding; avoid strong oxidants (excess H2O2) to prevent disulfide scrambling. The gem-dimethyl of Pen confers greater stability than ordinary Cys-Cys cyclic RGD, but repeated freeze-thaw should still be avoided. | solid stable for ~2 years at -20°C, sealed and desiccated. The cyclic disulfide form is reasonably stable in the solid state; keep desiccated. |
Functional Description
| Product Code | Frontend Short Summary | Detailed Biological Function Description | Applicable Research Areas (comma-separated) | Targets / Pathways |
| PEP-GPENGRGD-01 | A penicillamine-cyclized RGD mimetic that locks the RGD pharmacophore via a Pen2-Cys9 disulfide for high-affinity αvβ3 integrin antagonism, limiting neointimal hyperplasia and smooth-muscle migration/proliferation after vascular injury. | This is a cyclized mimetic of the fibronectin RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) cell-adhesion motif. Introducing penicillamine (Pen) at position 2 and forming an intramolecular disulfide with Cys at position 9 constrains the RGD pharmacophore into an active turn-extended-turn conformation. The gem-dimethyl substitution of Pen further rigidifies the loop compared with ordinary Cys-Cys cyclization (e.g., RGDFV-type), reducing Asp-mediated backbone degradation and improving in-vivo stability. It is a potent αvβ3 integrin antagonist: perivascular delivery (0.1 µmol) markedly limits neointimal hyperplasia and lumen stenosis after vascular injury and regulates vascular smooth-muscle cell migration and proliferation; it also inhibits platelet aggregation and fibrinogen binding to gpIIb/IIIa. The conformational rigidity confers better selectivity for αvβ3 over other integrin subtypes, making it superior to linear RGD peptides for cardiovascular repair and anti-thrombotic research. The Pen thiol is already engaged in the disulfide-no free-thiol oxidation issue-but reducing agents must never be added, as ring opening abolishes activity. | Cell adhesion, integrin biology, vascular repair, neointimal hyperplasia, anti-platelet aggregation, cardiovascular tissue engineering, biomaterial surface modification, tumor angiogenesis | αvβ3 integrin (high-affinity antagonism); gpIIb/IIIa (αIIbβ3) integrin (platelet aggregation); fibronectin RGD-binding site |
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