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| Description | Osteoblast-Adhesive Peptide (KRSR, CAS: 193613-75-1) is an osteoblast-selective adhesion sequence, Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg, molecular formula C₂₁H₄₃N₁₁O₆, MW 545.64 Da. By interacting with heparan-sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) on osteoblast surfaces, KRSR promotes selective osteoblast adhesion while inhibiting fibroblast attachment; it is a common functional peptide in bone tissue engineering and implant surface modification to enhance osteoblast response and osseointegration. |
| Structure type | Linear 4-mer (HSPG-binding osteoblast-adhesion sequence) |
| Solubility | Soluble in DMSO, water |
| Storage | Powder -20°C, dry, protected from light |
Product Basic Information Table
| Product Standard English Name | Product Abbreviation / Alias | Function Tags (comma-separated) | Core Structure | Molecular Formula | Exact Mass (Da) | Average MW (Da) | Salt Form | Length (aa) |
| Osteoblast-Adhesive Peptide KRSR (Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg, free acid) | KRSR; Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg; K-R-S-R; heparin-binding osteoblast-selective adhesion tetrapeptide; non-RGD / non-integrin ligand; free acid; CAS 193613-75-1 | cell adhesion, osteoblast, osseointegration, heparin-binding, HSPG, titanium implant coating, bone tissue engineering, highly cationic, non-RGD, MC3T3-E1 | Linear 4-aa highly cationic short peptide, sequence Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg (K-R-S-R); side-chain net charge ~+3 (2 Arg + 1 Lys; ~+4 at acidic pH including the N-terminus), free C-terminal carboxyl; no Cys/Met/Trp (no disulfide, no thiol oxidation, no photo-oxidation); contains no RGD motif and is NOT a classical integrin ligand; it is a heparin/heparan sulfate-binding cationic adhesion peptide whose positively charged side chains electrostatically recognize heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) on the osteoblast surface and heparin domains in the ECM; first reported by Dee et al. (1998) on aminosilane-functionalized borosilicate glass, where it selectively enhanced adhesion of osteogenic cells without promoting fibroblast adhesion; the K/R/S/R motif also occurs in bone sialoprotein (BSP), fibronectin (FN), vitronectin (VN), osteopontin (OPN) and thrombospondin (TSP); supplied as the free acid; CAS 193613-75-1 | C21H43N11O6 | 545.34 | 545.65 | Free acid (lyophilized, unneutralized carboxylate form); no added counterion; CAS 193613-75-1 | 4 |
Physicochemical Solubility & Storage Parameters
| Product Code | Appearance | Long-term Storage | Short-term Storage | Solution Stability | Solid Powder Stability |
| PEP-KRSR-01 | White to off-white powder | Store at -20°C, sealed, desiccated, protected from light (~2 years). Aliquot to avoid repeated freeze-thaw. No Met/Cys/Trp-low oxidation/photo-oxidation risk. Moderately hygroscopic cationic lyophilate: weigh quickly, reseal immediately, keep in a desiccator. | 2–8°C for up to ~1 month; working aliquots at -20°C; stable for short shipping at ambient. | Highly cationic tetrapeptide with excellent water solubility (easily ≥5–10 mg/mL in water or aqueous buffers; also soluble in dilute acetic acid). KEY NOTE: being small and strongly cationic, it readily adsorbs to polypropylene tube walls, pipette tips and microfiltration membranes at low concentration, lowering the recoverable concentration-use low-binding (LoBind) tubes/tips, keep working concentrations ≥0.1 mg/mL, and add 0.1% acetic acid or 0.05% Tween-20 if needed to reduce wall adsorption; avoid repeated 0.22 µm filtration before surface-immobilization experiments. No Cys (no disulfide/thiol oxidation), no Met, no Trp-good solution stability; avoid non-specific binding to anionic surfactants or negatively charged matrices. | solid stable for ~2 years at -20°C, sealed and desiccated; moderately hygroscopic-keep the desiccator sealed and the weighing environment dry. |
Functional Description
| Product Code | Frontend Short Summary | Detailed Biological Function Description | Applicable Research Areas (comma-separated) | Targets / Pathways |
| PEP-KRSR-01 | The osteoblast-selective adhesion tetrapeptide KRSR, a heparin/HSPG-binding highly cationic short peptide that is non-RGD and non-integrin; used to functionalize titanium implants and bone-tissue-engineering scaffolds to selectively promote osteoblast adhesion, spreading and osseointegration. | This is the osteoblast-selective adhesion tetrapeptide KRSR (Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg), first reported by Dee et al. in 1998: covalently attached to aminosilane-modified borosilicate glass, it selectively enhanced adhesion of osteogenic cells (MC3T3-E1 and related osteoblast/osteoprogenitor lines) without promoting fibroblast adhesion, enabling selective recruitment of bone-forming cells to biomaterial surfaces. Its mechanism is NOT the classical RGD-integrin axis: instead, the ~+3 net charge from two Arg and one Lys drives electrostatic binding to osteoblast membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs of the syndecan/glypican families) and to heparin/heparan sulfate domains in the ECM. The K/R/S/R motif is conserved in bone-related ECM molecules including bone sialoprotein (BSP), fibronectin, vitronectin, osteopontin and thrombospondin, consistent with a conserved role in physiological bone-matrix recognition. Literature shows that immobilized KRSR increases preosteoblast adhesion and spreading on nanophase titanium and TiO2 nanotube surfaces, upregulates osteogenic gene expression and promotes mineralization; it is frequently co-immobilized with RGD (e.g., the PLATF dual-function interface) to synergize integrin and HSPG signaling and further enhance osteoblastic function. Supplied as the free acid: excellent water solubility, but owing to its small size and strong cationicity it adsorbs to plastic walls and filters-use low-binding consumables and avoid excessive dilution; no Cys/Met/Trp, so both solid and solution stability are good. | Orthopedic implant surface engineering, dental implant coatings, bone tissue-engineering scaffolds, titanium/titanium-alloy biomaterial functionalization, osteoblast adhesion and spreading, osseointegration research, bone repair/regeneration, cell-selective biomaterials, peptide-material conjugation | Osteoblast-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG / syndecan / glypican); heparin/heparan sulfate domains; NOT RGD/integrin; osteogenic differentiation and mineralization pathways (upregulation of ALP, COL-1 and other bone-related genes) |
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